Horizontal coordinate system - a simple definition

Its reference plane is the tangent plane of the Earth passing through the observer; this horizontal plane intersects celestial sphere along the horizon.

One of the coordinates is azimuth, A; it is the angular distance of the vertical of the object from some fixed direction. Although the practice varies, in this program azimuth is measured counterclockwise from north (i.e. west = 90 deg). The values are between 0 and 360 degrees, given in format (degrees minutes seconds).

The second coordinate is altitude, a, which is measured from the horizon along the vertical passing through the object. Its values are between -90 and +90 degrees, given in format (degrees minutes seconds). Values are positive for objects above the horizon and negative for objects below the horizon.